[Jas 1]
1:1 ¹James, a ²servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ, to the twelve tribes which are of the Dispersion, ³greeting.

¹Or, Jacob,
²Gk. bondservant
³Gk. wisheth joy.

1:2 Count it all joy, my brethren, when ye fall into manifold ⁴temptations;

⁴Or, trials;

1:3 knowing that the proving of your faith worketh ⁵patience.

⁵Or, stedfastness And in vs. 4.

1:4 And let patience have its perfect work, that ye may be perfect and entire, lacking in nothing.
1:5 But if any of you lacketh wisdom, let him ask of God, who giveth to all liberally and upbraideth not; and it shall be given him.
1:6 But let him ask in faith, nothing doubting: for he that doubteth is like the surge of the sea driven by the wind and tossed.
1:7 For let not that man think ⁶that he shall receive anything of the Lord;

⁶Or, that a double-minded man, unstable in all his ways, shall receive anything of the Lord.

1:8 a ⁷doubleminded man, unstable in all his ways.

⁷Gk. two-souled man,

1:9 But let the brother of low degree glory in his high estate:
1:10 and the rich, in that he is made low: because as the flower of the grass he shall pass away.
1:11 For the sun ariseth with the scorching wind, and withereth the grass; and the flower thereof falleth, and the grace of the fashion of it perisheth: so also shall the rich man fade away in his goings.
1:12 Blessed is the man that endureth temptation; for when he hath been approved, he shall receive the crown of life, ⁸which the Lord promised to them that love him.

⁸Lit. which he promised So p²³BAℵ ψ 2344 and 4 lesser Gk. mss., cop. 1739 1852 1241 1243 33^vid 322 and 12 lesser Gk. mss., vg read which God promised (C) and 472 lesser Gk. mss. read which the Lord promised

1:13 Let no man say when he is tempted, I am tempted ⁹of God; for God ¹⁰cannot be tempted with evil things, and he himself tempteth no man:

⁹Gk. from
¹⁰Or, is untried in evil,

1:14 but each man is ¹¹tempted, when he is drawn away by his own lust, and enticed.

¹¹Or, tempted by his own lust, being drawn away by it, and enticed.

1:15 Then the lust, when it hath conceived, beareth sin: and the sin, when it is fullgrown, bringeth forth death.
1:16 Be not deceived, my beloved brethren.
1:17 Every good ¹²gift and every perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of lights, with whom can be ¹³no variation, neither shadow that is cast by turning.

¹²Or, giving
¹³I.e., no flickering (in time), no asymmetry (in space).

1:18 Of his own will he brought us forth by the word of truth, that we should be a kind of firstfruit of his creatures.
1:19 ¹⁴Ye know this, my beloved brethren. But let every man be swift to hear, slow to speak, slow to wrath:

¹⁴Or, Know ye this,

1:20 for the wrath of man worketh not the righteousness of God.
1:21 Wherefore putting away all filthiness and overflowing of ¹⁵wickedness, receive with meekness the ¹⁶implanted word, which is able to save your souls.

¹⁵Or, malice,
¹⁶Or, inborn

1:22 But be ye doers of the word, and not hearers only, deluding your own selves.
1:23 For if any one is a hearer of the word and not a doer, he is like unto a man beholding ¹⁷his natural face in a mirror:

¹⁷Gk. the face of his birth

1:24 for he beholdeth himself, and goeth away, and straightway forgetteth what manner of man he was.
1:25 But he that looketh into the perfect law, the law of liberty, and so continueth, becoming not a hearer that forgetteth but a doer that worketh, this man shall be blessed in his doing.
1:26 If any one ¹⁸thinketh himself to be religious, while he bridleth not his tongue but deceiveth his heart, this man’s religion is vain.

¹⁸Or, seemeth to be

1:27 Pure religion and undefiled before our God and Father is this, to visit orphans and widows in their affliction, and to keep oneself unspotted from the world.
[Jas 2]
2:1 My brethren, ¹⁹hold not the faith of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Lord of glory, with respect of persons.

¹⁹Or, do ye, in accepting persons, hold the faith of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Lord of the glory?

2:2 For if there come into your ²⁰synagogue a man with a gold ring, in fine clothing, and there come in also a poor man in vile clothing;

²⁰Or, assembly Compare Hb 10:25 (in Greek).

2:3 and ye have regard to him that weareth the fine clothing, and say, Sit thou here in a good place; and ye say to the poor man, Stand thou there, or sit under my footstool;
2:4 ²¹do ye not make distinctions ²²among yourselves, and become judges with evil thoughts?

²¹Or, are ye not divided
²²Or, in your own mind,

2:5 Hearken, my beloved brethren; did not God choose them that are poor as to the world to be rich in faith, and heirs of the kingdom which he promised to them that love him?
2:6 But ye have dishonored the poor man. Do not the rich oppress you, and themselves drag you before the judgment-seats?
2:7 Do not they blaspheme the honorable name ²³by which ye are called?

²³Gk. which was called upon you? See Ac 15:17.

2:8 Howbeit if ye fulfil the royal law, according to the scripture, ²⁴Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself, ye do well:

²⁴Lv 19:18.

2:9 but if ye have respect of persons, ye commit sin, being convicted by the law as transgressors.
2:10 For whosoever shall keep the whole law, and yet stumble in one point, he is become guilty of all.
2:11 For he that said, ²⁵Do not commit adultery, said also, Do not kill. Now if thou dost not commit adultery, but killest, thou art become a transgressor of the law.

²⁵Ex 20:13f.; Dt 5:17f.

2:12 So speak ye, and so do, as men that are to be judged by a law of liberty.
2:13 For judgment is without mercy to him that hath showed no mercy: mercy glorieth against judgment.
2:14 What is the profit, my brethren, if a man say he hath faith, but have not works? can that faith save him?
2:15 If a brother or sister be naked and in lack of daily food,
2:16 and one of you say unto them, Go in peace, be ye warmed and filled; and yet ye give them not the things needful to the body; what is the profit?
2:17 Even so faith, if it have not works, is dead in itself.
2:18 ²⁶Yes, a man will say, Thou hast faith, and I have works: show me thy faith apart from thy works, and I by my works will show thee my faith.

²⁶Or, But some one will say,

2:19 Thou believest that ²⁷God is one; thou doest well: the demons also believe, and shudder.

²⁷So p⁷⁴Aℵ (1739 1241) ((322 and the majority of lesser Gk. mss.)) cop vg arm. But B 1852 (C 1243 2344 33^vid) and 23 others read there is one God; ψ almost alone reads God is;

2:20 But wilt thou know, O vain man, that faith apart from works is ²⁸barren?

²⁸So BC* 1739 1243 322 cop^sa vg. Aℵψ 1852 1241 2344 33 and the majority of lesser Gk. mss., cop^bo read dead? p⁷⁴ virtually alone reads empty?

2:21 Was not Abraham our father justified by works, in that he offered up Isaac his son upon the altar?
2:22 ²⁹Thou seest that faith wrought with his works, and by works was faith made perfect;

²⁹Or, Seest thou ... perfect?

2:23 and the scripture was fulfilled which saith, And ³⁰Abraham believed God, and it was reckoned unto him for righteousness; and he was called ³¹the friend of God.

³⁰Ge 15:6.
³¹Is 41:8; 2Chr 20:7.

2:24 Ye see that by works a man is justified, and not only by faith.
2:25 And in like manner was not also Rahab the harlot justified by works, in that she received the messengers, and sent them out another way:
2:26 For as the body apart from the ³²breath is dead, even so faith apart from works is dead.

³²Or, spirit or, wind (Gk. pneuma, from which the English pneumatic implies wind force.)

[Jas 3]
3:1 Be not many of you teachers, my brethren, knowing that we shall receive greater condemnation.
3:2 For in many things we all stumble. If any stumbleth not in word, the same is a perfect man, able to bridle the whole body also.
3:3 Now if we put the horses’ bridles into their mouths that they may obey us, we turn about their whole body also.
3:4 Behold, the ships also, though they are so great and are driven by rough winds, are yet turned about by a very small rudder, whither the impulse of the steersman willeth.
3:5 So the tongue also is a little member and boasteth great things. Behold, ³³how much wood is kindled by how small a fire!

³³Or, how great a forest

3:6 And the tongue is ³⁴a fire: the world of iniquity among our members is the tongue, which defileth the whole body, and setteth on fire the wheel of ³⁵nature, and is set on fire by ³⁶Gehenna.

³⁴Or, a fire, that world of iniquity: the tongue is among our members that which etc. or, a fire: that world of iniquity, the tongue, is among our members that which etc.
³⁵Or, birth,
³⁶That is, the lake of fire, Jerusalem’s refuse dump.

3:7 For every ³⁷kind of beasts and birds, of creeping things and things in the sea, is tamed, and hath been tamed ³⁸by ³⁹mankind:

³⁷Gk. nature
³⁸Or, unto
³⁹Gk. the human nature:

3:8 but the tongue can no one tame; it is a restless evil, it is full of deadly poison.
3:9 Therewith bless we ⁴⁰the Lord and Father; and therewith curse we men, who have become after the likeness of God:

⁴⁰So p²⁰BAℵCψ 1739 1852 1241 33 arm. 1243 2344 322 and a majority of lesser Gk. mss., cop^sa,ach read God, even the Father;

3:10 out of the same mouth cometh forth blessing and cursing. My brethren, these things ought not so to be.
3:11 Doth the fountain send forth from the same opening sweet water and bitter?
3:12 Can a fig tree, my brethren, yield olives, or a vine figs? neither can salt water yield sweet water.
3:13 Who is wise and understanding among you? let him show by his good life his works in meekness of wisdom.
3:14 But if ye have bitter jealousy and faction in your heart, glory not and lie not against the truth.
3:15 This wisdom is not a wisdom that cometh down from above, but is earthly, ⁴¹sensual, ⁴²devilish.

⁴¹Or, natural, or, animal, (Lit. of the soul)
⁴²Gk. demoniacal

3:16 For where jealousy and faction are, there is confusion, and every vile deed.
3:17 But the wisdom that is from above is first pure, after that peaceable, gentle, easy to be entreated, full of mercy and good fruits, without ⁴³doubtfulness, without hypocrisy.

⁴³Or, variance, or, partiality,

3:18 And the fruit of righteousness is sown in peace ⁴⁴for them that make peace.

⁴⁴Or, by

[Jas 4]
4:1 Whence come wars and whence come fightings among you? come they not hence, even of your pleasures that war in your members?
4:2 Ye lust, and have not: ye kill and ⁴⁵covet, and cannot obtain: ye fight and war; ye have not, because ye ask not.

⁴⁵Gk. are jealous,

4:3 Ye ask, and receive not, because ye ask ⁴⁶amiss, that ye may spend it in your pleasures.

⁴⁶Gk. ill, (κακως, kakōs, as in cognate: caco·phony, bad sound, dissonance)

4:4 Ye ⁴⁷adulteresses, know ye not that the friendship of the world is enmity with God? Whosoever therefore would be a friend of the world maketh himself an enemy of God.

⁴⁷That is, who break your marriage vow to Christ, So p¹⁰⁰ BAℵ 1739 1852 1241 33 cop vg. ψ 1243 2344 323 and the majority of lesser Gk. mss., read adulterers and adulteresses,

4:5 Or think ye that the scripture ⁴⁸speaketh in vain? ⁴⁹Doth the spirit which ⁵⁰he made to dwell in us long unto envying?

⁴⁸Or, saith in vain:
⁴⁹Or, The Spirit which he made to dwell in us, it yearneth for even unto jealous envy. Cf. Jer 3:14; Hos 2:19f. Or, That Spirit which he made to dwell in us yearneth for us even unto jealous envy.
⁵⁰So p⁷⁴Bℵψ 1739 1241 (A 81). 1852 1243 2344 33 322 and the majority of lesser Gk. mss., vg arm read dwelt in us

4:6 But he giveth ⁵¹more grace. Wherefore the scripture saith, ⁵²God resisteth the proud, but giveth grace to the humble.

⁵¹Gk. a greater grace.
⁵²Pr 3:34.

4:7 Be subject therefore unto God; but resist the devil, and he will flee from you.
4:8 Draw nigh to God, and he will draw nigh to you. Cleanse your hands, ye sinners; and purify your hearts, ye ⁵³doubleminded.

⁵³Gk. two-souled men.

4:9 Be afflicted, and mourn, and weep: let your laughter be turned to mourning, and your joy to heaviness.
4:10 Humble yourselves in the sight of the Lord, and he shall exalt you.
4:11 Speak not one against another, brethren. He that speaketh against a brother, or judgeth his brother, speaketh against the law, and judgeth the law: but if thou judgest the law, thou art not a doer of the law, but a judge.
4:12 One only is the lawgiver and judge, even he who is able to save and to destroy: but who art thou that judgest thy neighbor?
4:13 Come now, ye that say, Today or tomorrow we will go into this city, and spend a year there, and trade, and get gain:
4:14 whereas ⁵⁴ye know not what shall be on the morrow. What indeed is your life? ⁵⁵For ye are a vapor that appeareth for a little time, and afterwards disappeareth.

⁵⁴B almost alone reads ye know not what your life shall be on the morrow.
⁵⁵So 1852 1243 81. B 1739 322 read For ye are a vapor that appeareth (A omits For) ψ and many lesser Gk. mss. read For ye shall be a vapor that appeareth (33 2344 cop^sa,bo vg) and many lesser Gk. mss. read For it is a vapor that appeareth ℵ alone reads which appeareth

4:15 ⁵⁶For that ye ought to say, If the Lord will, we shall both live, and do this or that.

⁵⁶Gk. Instead of your saying,

4:16 But now ye glory in your vauntings: all such glorying is evil.
4:17 To him therefore that knoweth to do good, and doeth it not, to him it is sin.
[Jas 5]
5:1 Come now, ye rich, weep and howl for your miseries that are coming upon you.
5:2 Your riches are corrupted, and your garments are moth-eaten.
5:3 Your gold and your silver are rusted; and their rust shall be for a testimony ⁵⁷against you, and shall eat your flesh as fire. Ye have laid up your treasure in the last days.

⁵⁷Or, unto you,

5:4 Behold, the hire of the laborers who mowed your fields, which is of you ⁵⁸kept back by fraud, crieth out: and the cries of them that reaped have entered into the ears of the Lord of ⁵⁹Hosts.

⁵⁸B*ℵ read withheld, or, kept in arrear,
⁵⁹Gk. Sabaoth. Hb. word meaning hosts.

5:5 Ye have lived delicately on the earth, and taken your pleasure; ye have nourished your hearts in a day of slaughter.
5:6 Ye have condemned, ye have killed the righteous one; he doth not resist you.
5:7 Be patient therefore, brethren, until the presence of the Lord. Behold, the husbandman waiteth for the precious fruit of the earth, being patient over it, until ⁶⁰it receive ⁶¹the early and latter rain.

⁶⁰Or, he
⁶¹So p⁷⁴B 1739 1241 048 cop^sa vg arm. Aψ 1852 1243 2344 33 322 and the majority of lesser Gk. mss. read the early and latter rain. ℵ* with only four lesser mss., (cop^bo) read the early and latter fruit.

5:8 Be ye also patient; establish your hearts: for the presence of the Lord has drawn near.
5:9 Murmur not, brethren, one against another, that ye be not judged: behold, the judge standeth before the doors.
5:10 Take, brethren, for an example of suffering and of patience, the prophets who spake in the name of the Lord.
5:11 Behold, we call them blessed that endured: ye have heard of the ⁶²patience of Job, and have seen the end of the Lord, how that the Lord is full of pity, and merciful.

⁶²Or, endurance or, stedfastness

5:12 But above all things, my brethren, swear not, neither by the heaven, nor by the earth, nor by any other oath: but ⁶³let your Yes mean yes, and your No mean no; that ye fall not under judgment.

⁶³Or, let yours be the yes, yes, and the no, no; Compare Mt 5:37.

5:13 Is any among you suffering? let him pray. Is any cheerful? let him sing praise.
5:14 Is any among you weak? let him call for the elders of the church; and let them pray over him, having anointed him with oil in the name ⁶⁴of the Lord:

⁶⁴B alone omits of the Lord

5:15 and the prayer of faith shall save him that is sick, and the Lord shall ⁶⁵raise him up; and if he have committed sins, it shall be forgiven him.

⁶⁵Or, awaken him;

5:16 Confess therefore ⁶⁶your sins one to another, and pray one for another, that ye may be healed. The supplication of a righteous man availeth much in its working.

⁶⁶So BAℵψ 1739 1852 1241 1243 2344 33 048. 322 and 452 still lesser Gk. mss. read your faults cop^sa vg read your faults

5:17 Elijah was a man of ⁶⁷like passions with us, and he prayed ⁶⁸fervently that it might not rain; and it rained not on the earth for three years and six months.

⁶⁷Or possibly, like nature with us,
⁶⁸Gk. with prayer

5:18 And he prayed again; and the heaven gave rain, and the earth brought forth her fruit.
5:19 My brethren, if any among you err from the truth, and one convert him;
5:20 ⁶⁹let him know, that he who converteth a sinner from the error of his way shall save ⁷⁰his soul from death, and shall cover a multitude of sins.

⁶⁹So Aℵ 1739 1852 1241 1243 2344 322 and the majority of lesser Gk. mss., vg arm. B and a few others read know ye that p⁷⁴ cop^sa omit let him know, that ψ virtually alone omits let him know,
⁷⁰So Aℵ 1739 2344 33 048^vid cop^bo vg arm. p⁷⁴B with few others read a soul from his death, or, a soul from death itself, ψ 1852 1241 1243 and the majority of lesser Gk. mss., cop^sa read a soul from death,